Investigating the representation of the Lydian delegation in the reliefs of the eastern staircase of Apadana (case study: vessels and jewellery)

The eastern staircase of Apadana – the Royal Achaemenid Audience Hall at Persepolis was decorated with numerous reliefs depicting various people subjected to king’s rule, paying homage and bringing gifts. Among these, Lydian group is one delegations carved in lower part staircase. This led by officers court. participants carried amphorae, bowls armlets were also horses a chariot. amphorae arm rings represented distinctly beautiful unique animal decorations. purpose following research identify metal prototypes goods as (amphorae, bowls, rings) illustrate them artefacts housed important museums world. out descriptive, analytical, comparative field visit methods. It used method referring domestic websites foreign museums, reviewing documents historical texts. concludes that gifts on Apadana, including rings, had ceremonial usage, sometimes being court parties. Animal decorations form griffins handles which have their roots mythology ancient Iran other nations. artists developed it after modelling this type decoration from (griffin) has been decorate jewellery, luxury items, seals, textiles, etc. some its wealthy class Iranian society period.